| ش | ی | د | س | چ | پ | ج |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
| 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
| 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
| 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
This manuscript evaluates plausible systemic risk pathways arising from the contemporaneous increase in interstellar object (ISO) detections, the peak phase of Solar Cycle 25 (including major coronal mass ejections), and accelerating socio-technical and climatic vulnerability in the near term (2027–2032). The paper reframes ISOs as epistemic triggers for strengthening observation, modelling, and governance under deep uncertainty rather than asserting routine physical causation of climatic change.
We synthesize astrophysical case studies ('Oumuamua 2017; 2I/Borisov 2019; 3I/ATLAS 2025), heliophysical literature, recent professional commentary (Loeb), futures methodologies (Inayatullah; Glenn), and governance frameworks (Pelton; Autino). Causal chains (ISO → heliosphere → GCR → atmosphere → societal impacts) are qualitatively scored using reproducible criteria; morphological scenario analysis constructs four policy-relevant futures. Ethical and civilizational framings (Lombardo; Motti) inform normative recommendations. Appendices provide scoring matrices, a comparative case table, and proposed minimum CCON data standards.
Energetic and observational constraints make robust direct ISO → heliosphere → climate causation unlikely for routine ISOs. The 2025 3I/ATLAS passage—coincident with a major CME during Solar Cycle 25 peak and the solar system’s transit through a locally denser sector of the Orion Spur—constitutes a valuable natural experiment that delimits testable parameter space for plasma and GCR–atmosphere coupling hypotheses. The most credible systemic risks are compound and indirect: simultaneous solar extremes, variable galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux, clustered small-body encounters, and socio-technical fragilities.
We recommend establishing a Cosmic–Climatic Observation Network (CCON), integrating “external cosmic forcings” into climate risk assessments, funding targeted plasma and GCR–atmosphere modelling, and institutionalizing foresight councils ensuring equitable participation. Civilizational ethics and futures literacy should guide public communication to avoid panic while cultivating planetary stewardship.
Read the full article by clickhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40309-026-00264-0